[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.7.3″ _module_preset=“default“ background_color=“#000000″][et_pb_row module_id=“aaa“ _builder_version=“4.7.3″ _module_preset=“default“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.7.3″ _module_preset=“default“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10_Vermeer-scaled.jpg“ title_text=“10_Vermeer“ _builder_version=“4.7.3″ _module_preset=“default“ custom_margin=“||61px|||“ hover_enabled=“0″ sticky_enabled=“0″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.7.3″ _module_preset=“default“ text_text_color=“#f4f4f4″ header_2_font=“||||||||“ header_2_text_color=“#ce1b18″ hover_enabled=“0″ text_font_size_tablet=“14px“ text_font_size_phone=““ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|tablet“ header_2_text_shadow_style=“none“ sticky_enabled=“0″]<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Beltracchi, 2018 [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.7.3″ _module_preset=“default“ text_text_color=“#f4f4f4″ header_2_font=“||||||||“ header_2_text_color=“#ce1b18″ hover_enabled=“0″ text_font_size_tablet=“14px“ text_font_size_phone=““ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|tablet“ header_2_text_shadow_style=“none“ sticky_enabled=“0″]<\/p>\n \u00bbSpinoza was the most original and radical philosopher of his time. His rejection of the providential God of the Abrahamic religions, his denial of the possibility of miracles, his claim that the Bible was just a work of human literature, and his indictment of the major organized religions as merely organized superstitions led to condemnations by ecclesiastic and civic authorities, with the term \u201cSpinozism\u201d becoming synonymous, in their minds, with atheism. Spinoza, of all the early modern thinkers, is also the most relevant for us today. His arguments for a democratic, secular and tolerant society are as important now as they were in seventeenth-century Europe. There is no evidence that Spinoza and Vermeer ever met each other, but they could have crossed paths in The Hague, where, by 1670, the now infamous Spinoza was living and where Vermeer (who lived in Delft) was occasionally to be found on business.\u00ab<\/p>\n Professor Steven Nadler, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.7.3″ _module_preset=“default“ text_text_color=“#f4f4f4″ header_2_font=“||||||||“ header_2_text_color=“#ce1b18″ custom_margin=“100px||41px||false|false“ hover_enabled=“0″ text_font_size_tablet=“14px“ text_font_size_phone=““ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|tablet“ header_2_text_shadow_style=“none“ sticky_enabled=“0″]<\/p>\n Baruch de Spinoza earned his living as a lens grinder. Like Vermeer he knew the naturalist van Leeuwenhoek, who developed a microscope and other optical equipment. Vermeer is likely to have used optical devices to work on his paintings. In \u201cThe Philosopher\u201d, Beltracchi harks back to the feel of the camera obscura, and this painting adds a third scientist to Vermeer\u2019s pair of images \u201cThe Astronomer\u201d and \u201cThe Geographer\u201d. The philosopher seeks to evaluate the inner world, rather than the outer, but is no less focussed on seeing things accurately and on precise thought. In the 17th century, known as The Golden Age, the Netherlands experienced an unprecedented cultural boom in business and art, but also in science.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=“https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/z_kairos_epoche_10\/“ button_text=“Mehr zur Entstehung und zur Epoche“ _builder_version=“4.7.3″ _module_preset=“default“ custom_margin=“98px|||||“ hover_enabled=“0″ sticky_enabled=“0″][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Wolfgang Beltracchi, 2018Der PhilosophHandschrift: Johannes Vermeer, 1670, Delft\u00d6l auf Leinwand, 48 x 42 cm \u00bbSpinoza war der originellste und radikalste Philosoph seiner Zeit. Seine Ablehnung des schicksalsleitenden Gottes der abra-hamitischen Religionen, seine Leugnung der M\u00f6glichkeit von Wundern, seine Behauptung, dass die Bibel nur ein literarisches Werk sei, und seine Anklage, die gro\u00dfen organisierten Religionen seien […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3891","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3891"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3930,"href":"https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3891\/revisions\/3930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mse-kunsthalle.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
The Philosopher
<\/strong>Artistic voice: Johannes Vermeer, 1670, Delft
Oil on canvas, 48 x 42 cm<\/p>\n